Types of Computer Crimes

Computer crimes refer to the use of information technology for illegal purposes or for unauthorized access of a computer system where the intent is to damage, delete or alter the data present in the computer. Even identity thefts, misusing devices or electronic frauds are considered to be computer crimes.

Here is a list of different types of computer crimes.

o Hacking: This involves gaining unauthorized access into a computer system. Usually hackers are able to get through the security capabilities of a computer system and once they are in, they have unlimited access to confidential information and data stored in the computer. Today, hacking of IP addresses is very common as it allows the hacker to assume a false online identity and conduct criminal transactions without revealing his true identity.

Types of Computer Crimes

o Phishing: This is a common computer crime is the United States. Here emails are sent to gullible users that make them believe that the emails are from authentic sites. The users are passed onto fake websites where they enter their confidential data like usernames, passwords and credit card details. The fake websites look and feel real and that is why many people get fooled into entering sensitive information.

o Computer Viruses: These are actually computer programs that are capable of replicating themselves and harming computer systems present in a network. These viruses work without the knowledge of the users and spread from one computer to another through the network, Internet or removable devices like CDs and USB drives. Writing computer virus is a criminal activity and is punishable by law.

o Identity Theft: This one of the most serious frauds in today's word. It involves stealing money and getting benefits by using an identity of another person. This also includes the use of someone else's credit card details to purchase good and services. It has been seen that blackmail and terrorism often employ identity theft.

o Cyberstalking: This is using the Internet to stalk a person just like someone world do in the real world. Here the stalker sends emails, spreads false information or issues threats using the Internet. Cyberstalking is also used to prey on unsuspecting children and women.

Types of Computer Crimes
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Statistics of Infidelity

Statistics of infidelity can give us some insight into the current reality of relationships in our culture. Knowing exactly what is likely to happen empowers us all to make better decisions and, at the very least, helps prepare us for what we know might well come our way. Most people who find out the hard way that their spouse has cheated, suffer from an extended period of shock and pain. It was completely unexpected. This article aims to present the facts as they are, not to make you distrust everyone, but to give you the awareness to make good judgments.

Let's get the big ones out of the way first. Are you ready? 57% of men and 54% of women have admitted to infidelity in a relationship in the past, and 41% of marriages suffer the effects of either emotional or sexual infidelity. That makes over half of the population cheaters! Now, before you start thinking that no one can be trusted, consider that there are usually a lot of factors at play when a partner makes the decision to cheat. It is not a predetermined inevitability. And, the factors are very different for women than they are for men. But you should know that it is a phenomenon that happens in pandemic proportions in our society.

31% of couples stay together after an affair. That leaves the staggering majority of relationships affected by infidelity broken. And 17% of all divorce filings in this country are initiated because of infidelity. These are important statistics to pay attention to if you're trying to decide whether or not to stay with your cheating spouse. It obviously takes a lot of work on both sides and, the understatement of all time might be that affairs are extremely hard for couples to overcome. Still, it can be done.

Statistics of Infidelity

What about statistics of infidelity for men and women individually? The surprising fact is that women cheat as much as men, yet for different reasons. Women usually engage in an affair to satisfy their need for an emotional bond, to find someone who really understands who they are. Interestingly, affairs started by women usually last 3 times longer than affairs started by men. Studies show that men overwhelmingly engage in affairs for sex. It's surprising then to learn that the average length of an affair is two years and around 40% of them last more than 2 years. Given that most male initiated affairs are relatively short, that means there are a lot of women who have long extramarital relationships.

What about the workplace? Well, 36% of both men and women have affairs with a co - worker. 36%, again of both men and women, admit infidelity while on business trips. Surveys show that 66% of women and 75% of men say that they have sexual thoughts or fantasies about someone they work with. It's not too surprising since the normal American spends far more waking hours at work than they do spending quality time with their partners.

Extended families apparently present some opportunities for cheating also. 17% of infidelity in men and women happens with a brother/ sister-in-law.

And then there's the internet. Less than half of men surveyed believe that online affairs constitute infidelity. 75% of all people think there is nothing wrong with viewing internet porn. Over half of men and women reported flirting on the internet. 38% of men and women combined have had sexually explicit conversations on the internet and 50% of those have contacted an online chat buddy by phone. 31% of the time, online conversations lead to in person sex. The internet is obviously a huge resource for cheaters and a great place to start investigating a spouse whom you suspect of cheating.

The evidence is overwhelming. The majority of both men and women have an uncontrollable need to seek out relationships with people outside their marriages. Hopefully, knowing some of the facts will help you be more aware and proactive about your relationship and/ or help you make good decisions about what to do next if you have found yourself the victim of infidelity.

Statistics of Infidelity
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Computer Analysis - What Can Forensic Experts Find?

When using a computer many people think that the files they delete have disappeared indefinitely. However, when there is the need for files to be found, (say, as part of a criminal or disciplinary investigation) a computer forensic analyst knows just how to find them.

The average user cannot see the potential evidence that is kept in computer files and therefore believe that by simply pressing 'Delete' the files are then erased. Providing these files have then not been overwritten by regular and sustained use of a computer, they can be relocated in the "non-live" areas on the hard disk. These are called unallocated clusters and can hold gigabytes of deleted data.

Computer analysis should be carried out by highly skilled and qualified practitioners who understand the science behind recovering these potentially valuable files, which can be used as vital evidence within a court case. Forensic analysts use their expertise and specialist software to recover data that can hold a lot of information unbeknown to the user.

Computer Analysis - What Can Forensic Experts Find?

Depending on what information still remains on the computer, the forensic analysts can find a lot of valuable information about its background. For example they may be able to tell under what log-in name the files were deleted as well as the date and time that the deletion occurred. Many people also try to disguise criminal data under different file names and extensions. Forensic analysis tools can make this apparent and the analyst can see those harmful files being disguised as something else.

Passwords may not be enough to keep out a forensic analyst - and depending on the level of encryption - many forensics analysts have tools that can find ways into files that contain vital data.

Files that have become corrupted or partly erased can also be partially retrieved. Depending on the level of corruption, files can be traced and used as potential evidence against a suspect.

The process of computer analysis takes time and patience. Specialized forensic analysts can investigate whether anything that has been inputted or downloaded on to the computer. They have the tools to see everything on the hard drive regardless of whether it has been deleted or corrupted.

If you are in need of the services of a forensic expert, there are those available to help with any questions you may have.

Computer Analysis - What Can Forensic Experts Find?
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Written by Danielle Ingram on behalf of CCL Forensics, Computer Forensics specialists.

Danielle Ingram, Content Writer for Creare Web Design and SEO specialists.

Is It Possible to Retrieve Deleted Text Messages From an iPhone?

Everyone loves to text, and these days it is easier than ever with smartphones that are touch screen, have auto correct (which, frankly, can be annoying at times), and even some third-party apps that allow you to text for free. As with anything, popularity and frequent use comes with a price - problems.

How many times have you deleted a text message that is full of information that you need back? Do you think that text message is gone forever? In some cases, that may hold true, but there is a good chance that you can get some or all of the information back.

Take an Apple iPhone, for example. Much like a computer, when information is deleted it is not truly erased. When you delete a text message from an iPhone, it is actually still there. However, it is now being held in the unallocated portion of the physical memory. The bad news is that anything that is in the unallocated portion of the memory is subject to being overwritten. Thus, consider the biggest factors that affect the retrieval of iPhone text messages are available free memory and usage.

Is It Possible to Retrieve Deleted Text Messages From an iPhone?

For example, if you have a 16GB iPhone and it has 15.8GB of music, photos, text messages, and apps on it, chances are unallocated memory is going to be overwritten quickly. Along the same lines, if the iPhone user is texting constantly (like my teenager who sends and receives in excess of five thousand text messages per month), the risk of the deleted text messages being overwritten increases. Another thing to keep in mind is that there is no rhyme or reason as to the way an iPhone writes data to the physical memory. It doesn't care if the data is old or new, it just writes it to whatever portion of the unallocated memory is easiest to write to at the time. Thus, when recovering deleted information, you may get back all of the message, but you may also get back only part of it.

Some say that your cell provider can give you access to all of your incoming and outgoing text messages. Although it is true that some cell carriers maintain the content of all incoming and outgoing text messages, I have found it to be the case that they will not just give them to you. Most need a court order as the only reason they retain this information is for law enforcement authorities investigation purposes.

Search the internet. There is a plethora of knowledge out there by doing a simple Google search. There are forums dedicated to the subject, and many "techies" roam these forums and post great information. Some call for your iPhone to be "jailbroken", which I don't recommend, but if your iPhone is jailbroken, you may just find the information you need.

If you don't want to do or feel comfortable doing the forensic work on your iPhone yourself, there is recovery software on the market. One of the most important things you can do before purchasing any type of recovery software is to know your iOS version. Make sure that the software you get is compatible with your iOS version, and it is also best to make sure that the software comes with free updates. This is because Apple releases iOS versions fairly regularly, and if your recovery software doesn't come with updates, it will soon be outdated. You never know when you will need to use it again!

Beware of SIM card recovery software when dealing with iPhone! AT&T iPhones uses the SIM card for GSM (cellular network) service only. They do not save text messages to the SIM card.

Accidents can happen to anyone. If you have inadvertently deleted text messages that you need and are looking for information on how to retrieve iPhone deleted text messages, there are plenty of options that may help you get them back.

Is It Possible to Retrieve Deleted Text Messages From an iPhone?
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Jeff Monson is a web enthusiast, proud husband and father of four, retired military member, and co-owner of JLM Merchandise Surveillance and Security Products. If you'd like to connect with Jeff, you become a Facebook Fan or follow him on Twitter using the links at the top of the JLM Merchandise web site.

How to Make Your Own Payslip

Running your own business and in need of a sample payslip to use in your own company? Here's what you can do in time for the coming pay period.

Option 1: Download and print. You can start by searching for a sample payslip using your favorite search engine. Go to a website that has a downloadable payslip and that lets you download and print this for free. There are a lot of websites that offer templates for free. But if you go for the free version, make sure you can make do with a basic payslip that you can later customize according to your own requirements. Don't expect and frills or complex built-in calculations from anything that's free.

Option 2: Make your own sample payslip. Your typical productivity software such as Microsoft Excel, or even freeware such as Google Docs has functionalities that allow you to build a sample payslip from scratch. Another option under this is to look for templates that may be available right from the website of your software applications. These are typically downloadable and customizable, too. So you won't have any problems altering or tweaking your sample payslip any way you need to.

How to Make Your Own Payslip

Option 3: You can make your own by copying an actual payslip. You may have been employed at one point before you decided to set up your own business. Dig up those old payslips and recreate them using your computer or by handwriting them. This may be a little more time-consuming than the previous options but it sure adds a personal touch to the payslips that you will give away.

Option 4: Let your payroll software do it. There are payroll systems that automate the process of making and printing payslips. If you decide to get one of these, you can be sure that payslip generation will be the least of your worries next time.

How to Make Your Own Payslip
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